:orphan: .. keywords Panama Canal, Pacific, Panama, location .. _panama_canal_pacific_tech: About Panama Canal Pacific ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The Panama Canal - Pacific location file covers the area outside the Panama Canal entrances on the Pacific side of the canal system (on the southern coast of Panama). The area covered is the canal from the ocean sides of the Miraflores and Cocoli locks on the north, and the entrance to the canal and approaches in the Bay of Panama to the south. This location file is one of three location files covering Panama - the others model the Atlantic entrance and approach, and Lake Gatun and the passages inside the canals. Background ============================================= The location file is designed to simulate oil spills at the entrance to the Panama Canal from the Pacific Ocean. Oil spill risk is mainly from the large amount of vessel traffic navigating through the Panama Canal, making this location important for oil spill response and response planning. In the canal entrance, the currents are primarily tidally driven -- the tidal currents are simulated with a flood current pattern tied to the tide station at Balboa, near the Bridge of the Americas. Outside of the entrance, in the Bay of Panama, the tidal influence continues through the ship canal, and then lessens outside the channel. Further outside the entrance to the canal, there is a coastal current in the Bay of Panama that is driven by the circulation in the greater Gulf of Panama. The current pattern simulated in GNOME captures the flow as modified by the local shoreline and bathymetry. The overall strength of the flow is determined by the larger scale circulation in the Gulf of Panama. Typically, the flow is counter-clockwise, and about 0.3 knots (0.15 m/s) at the scaling location, located southwest of the entrance at: 8.7534°N--79.6358°W. Current Patterns ====================================== The currents in the entrance to Panama Canal are primarily tidally driven -- the tidal currents are simulated with a flood current pattern tied to the tide station at Balboa, near the Bridge of the Americas. Outside the entrance to the canal, there is a coastal current in the Bay of Panama that is driven by the circulation in the greater Gulf of Panama. The current pattern simulated in GNOME captures the flow as modified by the local shoreline and bathymetry. But the overall strength of the flow is determined by the larger scale circulation in the Gulf of Panama. Typically, the flow is counter-clockwise, and about 0.3 knots (0.15 m/s) at the scaling location, located at: 8.7534°N--79.6358°W. The coastal current is not driven by local conditions, but rather by the circulation in the Gulf of Panama. While global circulation models do not have high enough resolution to capture the flow in the Bay of Panama, they do capture the general flow in the Gulf of Panama, and can be used to scale the local current pattern. One source of results from global circulation model is the |ioos_link|. There are currently two global models accessible through that system: The US Navy Global Ocean Forecast System (GOFS), and the NOAA Real Time Ocean Forecast System (RTOFS). The results from these models can be selected in the IOOS EDS Viewer, and the predicted velocities at a specified point can be determined. The GNOME coastal current scale should be set to the approximate value near the location: 8.75°N--79.64°W. Note that the current pattern is set for a counter-clockwise circulation, so that the direction of flow at the reference point is to the SSW. If the global model predicts flow in the opposite direction (NNE), the value can be set to a negative number to simulate a clockwise flow in the Bay of Panama. The current patterns were created with the NOAA Current Analysis for Trajectory Simulation (CATS) hydrodynamic application. .. |ioos_link| raw:: html NOAA IOOS EDS References ========================================== **Oceanography** Información sobre Estudios de Corrientes en las Entradas del Canal, AUTORIDAD DEL CANAL DE PANAMÁ, Reporte HID-2013-06, 2013 |panama_canal_link| Panama Canal Meteorology and Hydrology. **Wind and Weather** |wunderground_link| Weather products for Panama City, Panama. **Oil Spill Response** |erd_link| Tools and information for emergency responders and planners, and others concerned about the effects of oil and hazardous chemicals in our waters and along our coasts. .. |wunderground_link| raw:: html Weather Underground - Panama City, Panama .. |panama_canal_link| raw:: html Panama Canal Meteorology and Hydrology .. |erd_link| raw:: html NOAA's Emergency Response Division (ERD)